of biblical counseling, these top-down changes can also result from repentance, believing the promises of God, and growing in obedience. So, when you read that science has proven that there are real changes in brain chemistry when people are medically treated for depression, anxiety, anger, obsessional thoughts, and numerous other problems, remember that placebos can have a similar effect on brain chemistry. Be aware also that faith and repentance—though not directly addressed in Mayberg et al.’s